PERSON. Persons in law are either natural
or artificial. Natural persons are
such as the God of nature formed us ; artificial
persons, such as are created and devised
by human laws for the purposes of
society and government — corporations or
bodies politic, 1 which derive their existence
and powers from legislation. ^
In the bankruptcy acts, person included a corporation.
=
In internal revenue laws, includes a partnership,
association, company, or corporation, as well as a
natural person.*
In the Revised Statutes, or any act or resolution of
Congress passed subsequently to February 35, 1874, the
word may extend and be applied to partnerships and
corporations, unless the context shows that a more
limited sense is intended. =
A private corporation is included within the prohibition
of section one of the Fourteenth Amendment,
that no State shall deny to any person the equal protection
of the laws.*
May include a State, or the United States.'
Includes Indians, within habeas corpus ^ and intercourse
acts.*
In a statute, includes women, unless the context
clearly shows an intention to limit it to men."
In short, while " any person or persons " comprehends
every human being, the terms will be limited to
the class or classes in the mind of the legislature.
While a natural person may do any act which he
is not prohibited by law from doing, an artificial person
can do none which the charter giving it existence
does not expressly or by fair inference authorize."
" Injuries to the person " import hm-t to the body,
physical injuries; as, in a civil damage law.'"
Offenses against the person are: homicide, mayhem,
rape, robbery, buggery, battery, wounding, false
imprisonment, kidnaping, abduction. ^^
The rights of persons are those which concern and
are annexed to the persons of men; and they are
either absolute or relative. See Right, 2.
Person, fictitious. See DECOY; FOREGERY.
Persons in public employment. See
LIBEL, 5.
See also ARREST, 2; BAIL, 8; BODY, 1; CITIZEN; EXPOSE;
IDENTITY, 1; INDIVIDUAL; INSPECTION, 2; JURISDICTION,
2; NAME, 1.
Personal. Pertaining to the person ; belonging
to an individual person; individual:
as, personal or a personal — action, asset,
baggage, chattel, contract, covenant, credit,
demand, disability, estate, goods, injury,
knowledge, liability, liberty, note, performance,
property, representative, security, service,
servitude, tax.
Referring to some subjects— as, an action,
asset, chattel, estate, property— " personal
"
means simply movable, transitory: that
which may follow the person of the owner
or defendant.
Again, referring to some subjects—as, an
action, contract or covenant, defendant, injury,
privilege, security, service, tax— "personal
" is contrasted with real, or that which
concerns real estate.
See those substantives.
Personalty. Personal property, q. v.
Personate. To assume the character of
another without authority and do something
to his or a third person's detriment.
Known as "false personation," which is a misdemeanor
both at common law and, generally, by
statute.^
In England, since 1874, to personate any person or
his heir, executor, etc., with intent to claim succession
to property, or falsely- to claim relationship to any
family, is a felony, punishable with penal servitude
for life.'
There may be a false personation of an officer for
the purpose of maldng a pretended arrest, or collecting
fines, taxes, or other alleged dues.
Falsely personating any person under the provisions
of the naturalization laws,' or any person holding a
claim against the government, are criminal offenses.*
See Chinese, p. 177, sec. 7; Pretense, False.
PERSONA. L. A person.
See Actio, Personalis; Delectus, Desceiptio, Personse:
In, Personam, Propria, etc.; Mobilia.
or artificial. Natural persons are
such as the God of nature formed us ; artificial
persons, such as are created and devised
by human laws for the purposes of
society and government — corporations or
bodies politic, 1 which derive their existence
and powers from legislation. ^
In the bankruptcy acts, person included a corporation.
=
In internal revenue laws, includes a partnership,
association, company, or corporation, as well as a
natural person.*
In the Revised Statutes, or any act or resolution of
Congress passed subsequently to February 35, 1874, the
word may extend and be applied to partnerships and
corporations, unless the context shows that a more
limited sense is intended. =
A private corporation is included within the prohibition
of section one of the Fourteenth Amendment,
that no State shall deny to any person the equal protection
of the laws.*
May include a State, or the United States.'
Includes Indians, within habeas corpus ^ and intercourse
acts.*
In a statute, includes women, unless the context
clearly shows an intention to limit it to men."
In short, while " any person or persons " comprehends
every human being, the terms will be limited to
the class or classes in the mind of the legislature.
While a natural person may do any act which he
is not prohibited by law from doing, an artificial person
can do none which the charter giving it existence
does not expressly or by fair inference authorize."
" Injuries to the person " import hm-t to the body,
physical injuries; as, in a civil damage law.'"
Offenses against the person are: homicide, mayhem,
rape, robbery, buggery, battery, wounding, false
imprisonment, kidnaping, abduction. ^^
The rights of persons are those which concern and
are annexed to the persons of men; and they are
either absolute or relative. See Right, 2.
Person, fictitious. See DECOY; FOREGERY.
Persons in public employment. See
LIBEL, 5.
See also ARREST, 2; BAIL, 8; BODY, 1; CITIZEN; EXPOSE;
IDENTITY, 1; INDIVIDUAL; INSPECTION, 2; JURISDICTION,
2; NAME, 1.
Personal. Pertaining to the person ; belonging
to an individual person; individual:
as, personal or a personal — action, asset,
baggage, chattel, contract, covenant, credit,
demand, disability, estate, goods, injury,
knowledge, liability, liberty, note, performance,
property, representative, security, service,
servitude, tax.
Referring to some subjects— as, an action,
asset, chattel, estate, property— " personal
"
means simply movable, transitory: that
which may follow the person of the owner
or defendant.
Again, referring to some subjects—as, an
action, contract or covenant, defendant, injury,
privilege, security, service, tax— "personal
" is contrasted with real, or that which
concerns real estate.
See those substantives.
Personalty. Personal property, q. v.
Personate. To assume the character of
another without authority and do something
to his or a third person's detriment.
Known as "false personation," which is a misdemeanor
both at common law and, generally, by
statute.^
In England, since 1874, to personate any person or
his heir, executor, etc., with intent to claim succession
to property, or falsely- to claim relationship to any
family, is a felony, punishable with penal servitude
for life.'
There may be a false personation of an officer for
the purpose of maldng a pretended arrest, or collecting
fines, taxes, or other alleged dues.
Falsely personating any person under the provisions
of the naturalization laws,' or any person holding a
claim against the government, are criminal offenses.*
See Chinese, p. 177, sec. 7; Pretense, False.
PERSONA. L. A person.
See Actio, Personalis; Delectus, Desceiptio, Personse:
In, Personam, Propria, etc.; Mobilia.